This manual on school sanitation and hygiene (SSH) was first published in 1998 and implied the start of cooperation between IRC and UNICEF on hygiene, sanitation and water in schools. The manual deals with both hardware and software aspects needed to bring about changes in hygiene behaviour of students and, through these students, in the community at large.

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Using the FRESH framework as an organising principle, it provides an update and overview of current support to School Health and Nutrition (SHN) programmes in low income settings. It provides an analysis of information gathered from 38 organisations active in this field and serves to highlight areas of ongoing concern as well as emerging trends and issues since the Directory was last updated in 2006. Published by The Partnership for Child Development (PCD) www.child-development.org.

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Evidence and impact is described of community work and policy influencing through community water management and school sanitation. Paragraph II.2 is on communication in health; impact of school sanitation work. This IRC paper is presented at the World Congress on Communication for Development, Rome, Italy, 23-25 October 2006. Authors: Jaap Pels, Dick de Jong, Peter McIntyre.

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Powerpoint presentation providing an introduction to school water sanitation and hygiene education and highlighting hygiene research and key hygiene behaviours for WASH in Schools. By Kathy Shordt, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, April 2007.

hygiene research + introduction to SSHE-shorterversion_lowres (PPTminimizer).ppt  (989 kB)

Overview of available IRC publications on participatory management tools.

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Overview of IRC publications on WASH in schools. Many of them are available online.

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This paper examines the relationships between adolescent girls’ health and well-being, with a particular emphasis on the intersection between post-pubescent girls’ menstrual management and education.

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Methods and tools related to WASH in schools assessments.

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Draft Working Paper by Arlex Sanchez Torres, Kathleen Shordt and Marielle Snel, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Delft, the Netherlands, November 2002

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Overview of participatory tools and techniques, including PHAST, SARAR and PRA; focus group discussion, social map, transect walk, self-survey, lists and tables.

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